Coffee (Coffee) is the scientific name Coffee Sp. A crop of economic importance in a plant. Most production is approximately 95 per cent coffees Robert Rita bus. Planted in the 6 southern provinces are Chumphon, Surat Thani, Krabi and Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ranong, Phang Nga and approximately 5 percent is Arabica coffee Amazing. The planting on the northern high country, including Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son in planting 2538 / 39 showed that Thailand produced 75,856 tons of coffee seeds using plant materials and coffee powder, instant coffee, roasted locally approximately 22,000. tons, representing 30 percent of total output. And production of 50,823 tons or more per cent is exported to 70 overseas markets, valued at 2,232 million baht, which represents the crop revenue into the country a major crop.
Coffee varieties.
Popular coffee varieties grown in Thailand is the 2 species.
1. Cultivars A Arabica (Arabica). He started small nature. High shrubs less about 6 to 16 feet of small green leaves are glossy. Grow well in cool weather rather. Popular on area planted high. Disease resistance is not resistant to low variability of weather. Time to flower harvest approximately 6 – 9 months.
2. Cultivars Rita Road Bus (Robusta). He looks from larger species Arabica A high estimate from 7 to 16 an articulate long leaves are large dark green, but it is not. Tropical weather like rain, frequent regularly. Are resistant to disease resistance and variability of weather was good. Time to flower harvest approximately 10 to 11 months.
The botanical characteristics of coffee.
- Trunk coffee is medium-sized shrub branches erect trunk lines will split in pairs opposite. And parallel to the ground level or low-hanging lighting above the eye of the body often has a number of germination. Should be completely, or trim out some branches. He packed to prevent shrubs and a dense accumulation of disease and insects.
- Root root coffee is absorbed in superficial spreading food distribution in depth of approximately 20 centimeters from the surface. And to spread the distribution of 120 cm radius around from coffee.
- Leaves the coffee leaf out in pairs. In position opposite end crinkly leaves and leaves sharp edges serrated blade features a wave.
- Coffee with white flowers flowers fragrant flower bouquet is packed with short shaft is not sex, not to complete an area of the limb. Regular coffee will bloom from November to April. If moist air can bloom throughout the year.
- Results similar ball catching. Each result will be 1 – 3 re-seed seed round or oval shape. Maturation of the year as a red brown.
Region and the right environment.
1. Clay mold or mold should be a doctor with fertile sandy soil next to a deep well drained soil with no water constraint acid – alkaline between 5.5 to 6.5.
2. Temperature coffee each species needs to be hot cold different. A Arabica coffee varieties can grow between temperatures 17 to 22 degrees C the species Rita Road bus will be growth temperatures between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius.
3. Coffee to moisture from the air, high humidity throughout the year except during the flower bud production. Coffee will require less moisture to stimulate budding and maturation of the results.
4. Rainfall. Coffee growing areas must have an average rainfall of approximately 1500 to 2300 mm / year and the rain straight about 8 – 9 months.
Selection and preparation of seeds.
Selected seeds. Coffee beans to use a species should be selected from the higher yield from consecutive regular basis. Such a good healthy growth. Is resistant to insects, diseases and environmental good. And the seeds collected from the results for the full purple.
Preparing seeds. When selecting seeds have been used to remove the shells and hand massage chest muscle. The seeds have to soak them for 1 night after the pick seeds that float left. But leave the seeds and drowned. And then hand out to crush mucous out. May use sand or rough husk ashes in the water year. To help crush the mucous out more easily. Done to bring clean water again. If the culture to which all will soon result in a high percentage of germination. Or will be open to dry indoor air in close to keep the seeds germinate at a later time. Should not be stored longer than 2 months it will lower the percentage of germination.
Coffee culture.
Coffee beans should be prepared and then immersed in water prior to culture or cultivation tray 1 back translation should be in the indoor faintly. Material culture should be used. Clean coarse sand mixed with feces husk set equally for each conversion, the culture was then converted thanks to detailed sub-soil. Page spread to flat land. Water can drain easily. Coffee beans to about 1×1 inches apart and seed filling materials prepared by 1 inch high and the straw covered lean enough seeds to start germination, then remove the straw cover to be issued. To help sprout regeneration rebounded on much. Survival water drenched every day about 1 – 3 months when rice seedlings grow true leaves 3 – 5 pairs to move into grocery bags, plant size 6×9 inch hole in the soil mixed with the manure or compost decomposition of a good place. into the bag and then sprout into a grocery bag. Set in a dimly indoor water every day when rice seedlings approximately 50 cm high, or about 8 months old are moved to the farm to grow.
Coffee.
Coffee should consider the following text.
- Preparation area for coffee alarm. If a large area of cannot should prepare a landing area. To prevent erosion of soil. The width of each step to approximately 1 m or more for space plane would follow as the common garden fruits.
- Recommended term coffee is 2.5 x 3 or 3×3 meters for A Arabica varieties. If a species to the long road bus Toyota 3×3 or 4×4 meters meters.
- Preparing planting holes. Should dig a hole width x length x depth of approximately 2×2.5×2.5 feet and drilled holes left before coffee about 2 months should separate the soil on the ground floor, ground floor beside the entrance hole. Before planting the decomposition of manure and fertilizer and bucket about 1 Online Casino Entertainment phosphate 200 g mash together with the soil to enter the bottom hole vice. The rice seedlings grown at the grocery are starting to move directly into the central hole. Then covering with soil layer to fit hole to press the soil tight hold binding lace wood trunk coffee seedlings to prevent wind rock the fall.
- Appropriate planting season is from the rainy season because rain will help keep moisture in the soil. Made from coffee grown well. If rain does not fall after planting, then water will be provided approximately 10 days from coffee should be the umbrella shielding material from the new coffee. Use hay or straw covered bottom to keep moisture from the soil. And if death should be planted coffee from immediate repair.
Care.
Editing branches. Natural coffee will blow by any text on any limb of the flower. Results in the following year will not bloom again the results will be forced to trim branches from trunk to create the new department. It also reduces the number of branches has fewer shrubs clear and easy to maintain silence sources of disease, insects live. The cut branches should be made first about 7 years old when the coffee next time will do every 5 years to yield consistent. Term is most appropriate. Early harvest and dry after a period at the coffee room. Making coffee from the opportunity to stalk new longer. If any year from coffee production from the very shabby. Should look to set the interest from coffee before starting to trim branches on a limb mentor. Which has the following steps.
1. To choose from coffee to end the most from the original clump. Select from the expected yield on a 1 from the mentor, etc. from the left to be cut out.
2. To cut to the saw cut into the serration height 20 – 30 cm from the ground. Should not be cut below 20 cm because the source may not want some coffee from the new build out as needed. And should not be cut from coffee exceeding 30 cm or it will sprout new lines of high ground too. Harvest was made difficult. After editing the source should chalk or oil. Machines used or the color of oil paint one of the cut score. To prevent disease in silence.
3. Shears cut branches from the monitor out to 1.50 meters long high ground. New fields to receive full light.
4. After coffee, then cut from approximately 7 to 15 days the department will need to create new fields. When the height is about 20 – 30 cm, select fields that are near full strength and surface behind 7 – 8 lines by the need to spread around the coffee was first selected fields is critical to the strength. trunk is very new. Because if left these fields exceeding 30 cm high will slow from the new coffee and weak.
5. When both lines 7 – 8 fields selected high growth is approximately 50 cm full strength side to choose the only 4 – 5 lines only for the remaining lines to be put out to 4 -5 in the left side. This growth so new to coffee. If sales of these lines are too close together. To balance these manual stretching apart slightly. Balance should stretch every 3 months at a time to get coffee, light thoroughly. For fields that come later occurs, whether or coffee on the stump from any mentor. Will be put out regularly.
6. In the next year when harvesting coffee mentor from then on. Cut from the left monitor. Coffee started to be raising the next generation. And from this new department will bloom within 10 – 12 months from the date from the first cut.
7. The dress next to a coffee from the new full 5 year old if grown coffee from the bush alone to Rio and then notch out half the distance trunk 20 – 30 cm by 1 mark to notch only. sided. Incision deep enough to fit in and SE. Then bend from the coffee out in the end opposite the incision. Or less flat on the ground without the need to be the same. To the lines of a new, and then was gradually cut from relegation.
Put the lines from the coffee side branches often have very low productivity. Because the roots absorb water and food will be up to vie for that reason, the limb fields. Must wait to be put out side branches. How good should put hand out while still soft on limb lines. Because the manual will help remove the eye area to root out limb lines. Make fewer lines.
Weed removal. Should adopt various methods such as using a combination of the glass or chop tab. Use chemical sprays. As well as cleaning coffee from around the base. Harvesting coffee fall to the left. A coffee break disease and insect pests simultaneously. For chemical weed removal is recommended as far posted about Grand Est Cowboy Up to spray weed. In the coffee plantation is still small. Should use a plastic bag covered coffee from the previous spray. Lest injured by chemical weed removal. The coffee plantation at age Lapon for use as Carlos da La da ivory hunter Sim Carlos da Lapon lab using the instructions on the label. And should spray from the approximately 50 cm from coffee spray about 3 times a year.
Silicone sheeting is how to help maintain temperature control of soil moisture. Prevent wash fertilizer and food elements from the soil. Mainly water-based department. Cover many types of silicone materials include straw fraction of grass, etc..
The manure from the manure have coffee should consider the following practices.
- The manure in the grocery bag / grocery conversion formula fertilizer that is recommended 10 – 10 to 10 or 12 – 12 – 12 or 15 – 15 to 15 mixed water at 100 to 150 grams of water per 1 love tab (20 liters) water. every 15 days should not use too much nitrogen fertilizer. It will stalk vulnerable.
- The manure during the year 1 – 3 of the fertilizer formula 10 – 10 to 10 or 12 – 12 – 12 or 15 – 15 to 15 by the rate entered below.
Add 1 per year from 100 to 150 g 3 times per year.
Add 2 per year from 200 – 250 g 3 times per year.
Enter 3 per year from 300 to 350 g 3 times per year.
The manure coffee is 1 year after planting, then put 1 to 2 months and put the difference at a time after 4 months of the year 2 – 3 should manure during the rainy season from No. 2 after insert insert. first 2 to 3 months time put at the end of the rainy season.
4 years up to the fertilizer formula 10 – 5 to 20 or 13 – 13 to 21 because the department is demanding digital Depot Inc. High Sierra Hybrids. The place at 250 to 350 grams per ton per year 3 times.
In addition, should put manure or compost for early coffee at 1 percent per year for love tab structure of the soil better.
- Do not dig soil from root to save itself from coffee to coffee because it will destroy the roots. Made from growth arrest. How should fertilize the soil surface is very circular. In radius around the bush has. Then covered with dry hay or straw. Prevent washing. Not to be lost by the fertilizer useless. In the case of coffee plantation area is very steep alarm manure to drop by a very shallow hole radius has spread around the bush. Then filling the holes to prevent fertilizer wash.
Sam planted crops in the garden department. Coffee will grow well in indoor areas faintly. Therefore, trees should be planted to shield umbrella. Reduce the intensity of light and enhance revenue to farmers. The wood must be concealed indoor tree branch to indoor faintly. The tree is too big or small. And not put in the dry fiber Sata include Acacia Capital Kigehlek by giant coffee before planting to approximately 1 year.
Coffee disease.
1. Rot disease results. Caused by a fungal species. If the result will be a small spot near the calyx several points. Later extended throughout the shell, resulting in wrinkle black beans and lean dry cast early, if the result is to be a small spot. The later growth of both the cover. Coffee does not cause weight less complete.
Anti removal.
1. Conversion to keep clean. Eliminate the weed in the car he converted to shrubs and branches cut open. Air transfer easily. Reduce humidity in the coffee plantation. Pandemic disease reduction.
2. When the coffee was harvested. To cut the disease is left burning fire. To prevent outbreaks of disease in the next season.
3. To prevent chemical injection, chemical species, including little as possible Four Star Four million instead of 4 La F. Ten fire Bora S. San eye. M.. Or division chief from copper chloride, such as Coop reduce mercury Whit pairs 87 pairs 85 Pro San copper site in the rates notice recommended spray every 7 to 10 days at a time until the disease disappears.
2. Disease rust fungi. Caused by fungi of the epidemic in the rainy season while the coffee is. Leaf area, especially in light coffee is low and no shade. Disease damage to leaves by creating a fiber covered in mold. Leaf surface below to see the orange from yellow pigments. Spread by wind and rain.
Anti removal.
1. Conversion to maintain clean. From the maintenance department and strong enough to resist disease.
2. Coffee with shade trees shield.
3. Using chemical spray protection include chemical species from copper chloride, such as C. Coop reduce mercury Whit pairs 87 pairs 85 Pro San copper side spray at the rate recommended in the lot. By a spray shield in early and late monsoon rains.
3. Dry limb disease. Caused by fungi in branches of the coffee break. The area from the hilltop. The start of any limb is black. Ear leaf and the base of the blade with black. And peace throughout the area north of the limb. Until early in the coffee will be similar fire scorched.
Anti removal.
1. Care to clean conversion. Trim branches that are then taken to the burn disease left behind.
2. Coffee with shade trees shield.
3. The chemical species C from copper chloride, such as Coop Bora Whit Noble or B. Mills, such as Ben Elt spray when the outbreak.
4. Shell disease of coffee. A disease that destroy the shell from the coffee. A serious disease. Caused by fungi. The symptoms of the disease vary on symptoms such as shoot. There is a point at bottom of bulb. It may occur as a narrow band around the trunk or neck and then made the go. To shrink and change to brown from the symptoms that appear around the base. Or may be called disease stalk rot is a soil core will be a point of dry skin flakes are yellow trunk yellow withered leaves thin waist. Making coffee early in the death. Symptoms that appear on the trunk. Will see a yellow spot on the depth and spread distribution to the trunk branch. The condition is coupled with the thick bark is more.
Anti removal.
1. Remove the coffee from this disease. By digging roots to root out waste.
2. Trim branches that disease forever. And anti-fungal Taya incision area.
3. Using chemical species such as Capital International’s All At Hotel Grand spray at the rate recommended in the lot.
5. Leaf spot disease. Leaves are round brown spot on the change in gray or white. Wound edges are brown and red with a yellow band around the outside of the middle point plan color black is very little if any will make leaves fall and dry, dead branches. If the results will make the coffee is black rot. Shell and the wrinkles to fall before maturing. Find a pandemic at any season, but in a very dry period.
Anti removal.
1. Conversion to keep clean. Removal of the placenta in weed conversion. Trim branches and shrubs that made clear. Air transfer easily. Reduce humidity in the coffee plantation cause outbreaks of disease reduction.
2. When the coffee harvest and then to cut the disease to burn files to prevent disease in the next season.
3. Using chemical spray protection from C include copper chloride, such as Coop reduce mercury Whit pairs 87 pairs 85 Pro San copper site using the instructions in lot 1 – 2 times per month. Until the disease disappears.
Insect pests coffee.
1. Weevil coffee. Insect wings are stiff. Brown or black body size 2 – 2.5 mm die to destroy the coffee from the coffee when the light hits the stage at the coffee is sized head matches. Which is within the soft flesh seed crystal. Coffee break will die eat into the coffee making fall. Or penetrate into spawn. When the coffee starts maturing. Start seeds inside a hard white opaque. Egg will hatch the larva eat meat and seeds and grow into the pupa stage is the adult. Also be destroyed with the coffee production during the dry coffee or stored barn also.
Anti removal.
1. Eccentrically to keep clean. Removal of the placenta in weed conversion. Trim branches and shrubs that made clear.
2. Keep the root area from the fall in coffee gardens and out. Last harvest of coffee. Will need to record not to be expected from left to burn and then bury waste. Not to see a restaurant go out of coffee over the winter.
3. When the coffee harvest has been brought to the sun immediately. Division should not set it. It will die and be destroyed by propagation effects again.
4. When found to die from the coffee break and destroy the expected severe pandemic. Use chemical spray to prevent removal. Chemicals are introduced Lance Hill Business You 18% On Star At A 40% c 50% of Ticketmaster Group, Allah spray instructions on notice.
2. Larvae penetrate the branches and trunk. The butterfly to a pink or white with black take capacity across the wings. The larvae are pink or light brown. Females spawn a shell and then hatch a maggot. Break into bite to eat in the trunk. Broken limb or trunk root cause. Period from larvae pupate will take 2 months and then become butterflies follow. Worms will break branches and trunk from damage resulting from a small coffee and more.
Anti removal.
1. Eccentrically to keep clean. Weed removal in the placenta and converted to trim branches slender shrubs.
2. When found damage to trim branches that were destroyed by the fire to burn crop stalk branches to close.
3. Using electric light decoy to catch a play area for the fire at night and take a break to go.
4. When Ruth found the worms penetrate the silence. Use of volatile substances Paradigm chloride Ben Xin cotton balls and then sealed up hole.
3. Exhausted shells (green). A characteristic oval insects. Dormant live linear leaf area and light balance. Using biodegradable water conditioning drill mouth area and the soft light of the best coffee. Achieved and soft. Deteriorate if the outbreak is more coffee from growth arrest and death.
Anti removal.
1. Trim branches to open coffee. Cleanliness of the park and destroy the habitat of vectors Mod exhausted the epidemic.
2. The substance is happening with generic c mono Kroll growing software interface such as the Mandarin Hotel on 56% Nu wah c body type associated water rate 20 C h 20 liters of water spray for 10 days and 3 times the time for a water source. hard. Drug absorption should be used as full mold firmly Tablets% VAT rate of 30 g G / scattering from the root area.
4. Exhausted powder. Insect mouth is absorbed. Style oval body covered with white wax like flour. Will see in the area of coffee is not the eye. Or light bulb sales. And to find a clear drop sweet sticky surface that leaves behind. Discover the ease may be black mold covered another sweet water.
Anti removal.
As exhausted shell.
5. Be exhausted. Insect mouth is absorbed into the coffee break from the mouth water vacuum break from raising soft top. Achieved warp arrest of Eric J. Reap data growth and exhausted young ladle is sweetened. This is why black mold is to capture card and black.
Anti removal.
The chemical species mono Kroll growing software interface as the exhausted shells or fat Officer Thomas A. You like Matt Willis Four types of water rate 50% 20 cc / 20 liters of water.
Harvesting coffee.
Coffee is not imminent, and planted out after about 3 years and the boiled coffee will begin approximately November to April, depending on the integrity and condition of their coffee plantation area. Each bouquet of coffee will not be cooked together. In the coffee harvest to collect only selected results are ripe for red only. Do not harvest coffee, which also has the green light. Or results not to organize or how quickly the fork. It gives substance to low quality coffee for coffee at the store should have a copy enhance quality. The coffee effect held for too. Which has dark red. Or results from dry-cast results fall. The surface should be split off into separate from the department store at a time. Then the sun out of coffee as soon as possible.
The production department.
The coffee production is done 2 ways how gay (a soaking water) and how to color dry (a dry).
1. Gay. How much is used because it has a quality control department substance, but a cost. Produced higher dry milling method. Way from the coffee harvest to peel cooked within the same day. If the delay should not keep peeling more than 1 night because of the long memory allows storage soaking seeds to deteriorate. When the band shell already bring enough grain to be immersed in water flooded the 24-hour fermentation, soaking seeds crush and wash out the mucous out. Or use. Mucous contrary, would likely float time. When conflict mucous out remaining seeds with shells, but hard to remove upholstered salon close to dry. By approximately 5 – 7 days, but now may use baked beans to dry within 24 to 28 hours and then put into a bark. And winnow out all the dust out. Sort out their different seeds or coffee beans with black shell is to be issued. Coffee will have the desired substance.
2. Four. Is a widely popular method of coffee Rita Road bus because investors less convenient, but quality control is difficult. This was done by placing the coffee comes close on the sun to dry concrete courtyard. Enough to shake the seeds are in the move to. Then import shell out to take a color out winnow winnow out the bad seeds out. The color of this control can not deduct the New seeds of coffee. Without enough sunlight consecutive days. Or the coffee is dried on the ground not to be distributed thoroughly sunlight. Allows fungi to grow.
The coffee production well will be dry by the following colors.
1. Trying to collect only the ripe red coffee only.
2. Separate out effects that are not to blame the results from dry-cast. Results fall on the ground to dry out and separate. Not to mix the output quality.
3. Cleanliness of dry container and ground equipment.
4. The department store each day must soon bring salon immediately.
5. Trying to dump coffee on dry ground several times each day, every day.
6. In the evening and on rain. Must be based on the Division of coffee together and the canvas cover. Wait until the ground dry and then spread to dry the coffee again.
7. After the color out and then bark. Must winnow out all the dust out. Remove seeds and weed seeds with different seed black shell is to be issued.
8. Coffees packed into sacks to be collected must be close only coffee and dry.
9. Sacks of coffee beans to packaging. Should be a new bag or sack over the dry cleaner and smell good without the other. Do not place bag containing coffee on the floor directly. Pillows should be chock-class before the class. And stored in an air transfer housing easily.
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